The Composition of Cooking Oil And It's Quality Management
The influence of Gutter Oil scandal keeps expanding in Taiwan, reviewing the history of Taiwan's "poison oil history," since 1979, the first recorded rice bran oil scandal, in the event of poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). It always happened time to time repeatedly after a certain period. Regardless of the renovation of laws or the regulations of quality certification system, as long as there is market, there are demands, there are price competitions, and sinister greedy businessmen, it is an endless stories. Well goes a Chines old saying, "The one would make to-be-decapitate business, but no one would make loss business!"
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However, in this incident, we also observed that the majority of food material grocers, restaurants, and street snack bars are limited by their ability of raw food materials quality approval. Although they had used the higher price cooking oil, they still been the innocent victims in this event. It proves, the high price is not equal to high quality always. Nowadays, in case of the awareness rising of consumers, the requirements of food safety are relatively increasing, too. In this incident, those larger food suppliers, can lose a million dollar while embroiling into the gutter oil source. The amount of the loss is quite enough to establish a quality validation equipment and laboratory, such as "I-Mei Foods". If the cost of raw materials is never possible to be excluded from commercial considerations, and consumers are not able to suffer the price raising due to the more serious quality inspection from government. Therefore, establish a solid quality control system, execute more frequent and more detailed quality inspection on incoming raw food materials, in a either larger scale food supplier company, or a food factory, would be the only option!
Perhaps your concept is still in the sense of a group of Phd researchers, who are wearing lab coats, and the specialized laboratory in which the environment looks like a hospital. In fact, by the demands, and the advances in technology, the modern detection equipment, has been designed toward to the way of evolution of more professional, and dedicated instrumentation. It's not difficult to imagine, in the food manufacture industry, there will be some instruments appear to the market, and the function just like the one being used in those electronics manufacturers for the incoming material quality check. Take the cooking oil quality inspection for example, it is nothing more than the inspection of fat constituents, process residuals, chemical additives, toxins, and heavy metals. (read the article Potential Dynamic Technology Marketing relegated to "Gutter Oil And The Scientific Analysis Technology"), as long as the technology can detect these substances, apply the inspection equipment at the food manufacturing line, why not?
With the existing spectrometer equipment and technology, has been able to identify most of the chemical elements accurately. As long as we are able to realize the elements that impact the quality and the safety of cooking oil, one is possible to achieve requirement of quality control in a food factory by using a spectrometer. The foundational component of cooking oil, is "triglycerides", and its decomposition is fatty acids and glycerin. The different type of cooking oil has different composition of fatty acid. Take the composition of Gutter Oil, due the the fact that the oil had been reused, the component of unsaturated fatty acids will be more than the fresh now cooking oil. One can imagine that the amount of elements in the fatty acid, such like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), would not the same with the new fresh cooking oil. In addition, the reused gutter oil, when it was cooked, there are residual MSG, salt, seasoning salt etc. So, the elements of nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) are also the key points in the analysis.
In a food factory, the study of the amount of elemental ingredients, is not the point in the quality control process. However, when the quality standards of the material have been verified, and determined the criteria, then you can use this standard for a long-term monitoring condition. For example, a fragrant butter oil supplier suddenly raised the quotation, due to the cost considerations, the food factory needs to find an alternative supplier, who can provide a more competitive product with lower price. In order to identify the quality of cooking oil from this new supplier, one can simply apply the inspection standard that had been defined on the cooking oil from the original supplier, one can keep the same level of quality and achieve the requirement in the quality assurance process.
By using the instrument (spectrometer) to achieve the demand of quality assurance, one can define the critical spectral numbers from a Golden Sample. Set up a test items and the criteria of the test standards. These criteria will be used later to measure the target cooking oil. In the above example, when the fragrant butter test standard are studied and recorded, you can use the spectrometer to inspect and compare the cooking oil from the new supplier. And realize the difference. Due to the fast development in the mobile phone, digital camera industry, the quality and function to those optical accessories, such like the optical lenses, detection sensor, LED light source, etc., are improved. Besides, not only dramatically improves the quality features, but prices are getting cheaper today. And the technology of spectrometer is also improved in the recent year, and the accuracy is much better. We can expect the modern spectrometer will be part of the food manufacturing process. (Similar to the electronics manufacturing factory, they use the X-ray equipment and the Automatic Optical Inspection, AOI, in the manufacturing line).
Apart from the elements mentioned above, one can also add other elements or molecules, which can improve the accuracy of inspection. By using these parameters (elements or molecules) to be the basis of comparison. We call these parameters, characteristic values, or eigenvalue. And the quantization process of these parameters, we call it eigenvalue acquisition. However, after the process of eigenvalue acquisition, these data are raw data. We need some mathematical calculations which can improve these the connections and relations among these parameters and improve the accuracy. For example, the Fourier Transform is a famous method, which covert the values from time domain to frequency domain.
Today, the technologies in the analysis technology, are constantly diligent. In addition to the traditional statistical methods, in recent years, with the vigorous development of the robot industries, the progress of research of artificial intelligence algorithms is also development. In the past, some algorithm are limited by the computing power of a computer. But today, by the new powerful computer processor, the the performance of algorithm had been gratefully improved, too. To recognize the difference between golden sample and the test target, we usually see those artificial intelligence algorithm were applied. For example, Artificial Neural Network algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm . We have also seen an increasing number of scientists in the field of food safety, who had improved the recognition rate. Recently, some research papers, which are related to the technology of inspection of gutter oil, via these advanced algorithm, the correct recognition rate had reached over 95%.
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